Cosmos: A Journal of Geography

Dynamics Of Migration: Socio-Economic Impacts and Trends

Migration a rather broad and versatile process plays a crucial role in the process of socio-economic development and cultural interaction on the international and national levels that affect system environments and communities. From this view, this article provides a systematic and multifaceted review of migration in terms of kinds, motives, effects, and policy. According to the movement, migration is divided into internal and international movements, and by force—which is voluntary and forced—and by duration of the movement, which is seasonal movements, temporary movements, and permanent movements. These factors include economic factors such as economic opportunities; health and education; climate factors comprised of climate change; and political factors including political stability. The socio-economic impacts of migration are dual-faceted: while it promotes economic development, cultural and remittance diversities, this model puts pressure on resources, social integration issues arising from brain drain included. Specific focus is made on the gender-related threats linked to women and girls through presenting them as both workers and as the subjects of exploitation. Two examples should be made of migration in South Asia and in tribal communities to stress on the local and regional character of this process. The article makes it clear that present migration changes must therefore be made sustainable through long-term policies and combined international efforts to realize the potential and flatten the challenges that come with migration. Mujtaba comprehensively presents the systemic thinking work, which, with its focus on the critical parameters and integration of inclusive governance, can enable migration to move from the state of being a problem to becoming an opportunity advancing global equity and strengthening worldwide counterpart to fragility. Keywords: Migration, socio-economic impact, climate change, gender