Cosmos: A Journal of Geography

Green Economy & Renewable Energy @ Viksit Bharat 2047: A Comprehensive Study of Non-Conventional Energy Development from Beginning to Future in India’s Sustainable Development

Abstract India stands at a civilizational crossroads. Having graduated from a post-colonial agrarian economy to the world's fifth-largest GDP, it now charts an audacious course toward becoming a fully developed nation Viksit Bharat by 2047, its centenary of independence. Central to this journey is the transformation of its energy landscape: a deliberate, systematic pivot from a coal-dominated, import-intensive grid toward a diversified, domestically abundant, and ecologically responsible renewable energy ecosystem. This paper offers a data-anchored investigation of India's non-conventional energy journey from the tentative institutional gestures of the 1970s to the bold Gigawatt ambitions of the 2020s examining solar, wind, small hydropower, biomass, and emerging technologies such as green hydrogen and offshore wind. Juxtaposing these against conventional energy trajectories, and embedding them within the macroeconomic logic of a green economy, the paper presents six original data tables and one visual chart. It concludes by mapping a credible, equitable pathway to a 1,000 GW renewable future by 2047, one that creates 10 million jobs, displaces 500 million tone’s of annual carbon emissions, and positions India as a global green power in every sense of the phrase. Keywords: Viksit Bharat 2047, Green Economy, Renewable Energy India, Solar Mission, Wind Energy, Green Hydrogen, Energy Transition, Climate Finance, Non-Conventional Energy Sources. Introduction Energy is the bloodstream of civilization. Every kilowatt-hour of electricity generated is a vote for a particular kind of future one powered by the warmth of ancient sunlight trapped in coal, or one animated by the living sunlight that bathes a billion-strong land every single day. India, the world's