Cosmos: A Journal of Geography

Water Resources and Livelihoods: The Impact of the Sone River on Arah’s Development

The Sone River, a major tributary of the Ganges, plays a vital role in shaping the socio-economic and environmental landscape of Arah (Ara), a town in Bihar, India. This paper investigates the impact of the Sone River on the livelihoods of the local population, particularly focusing on agriculture, industry, and water management. The study explores how the river provides essential water resources for irrigation, fostering agricultural productivity, but also creates challenges through seasonal flooding and water pollution. Additionally, the river supports local industries, including small-scale manufacturing and fishing, contributing significantly to the regional economy. However, industrial waste, unmanaged sewage, and overextraction of water threaten the sustainability of this critical resource. This paper also examines the responses to flooding events, the local community’s adaptive strategies, and government interventions in flood management and water conservation. By analyzing the interplay between the river and the development of Arah, this study underscores the need for sustainable water resource management and offers policy recommendations to promote balanced economic growth while protecting the river’s health. Ultimately, the Sone River remains a cornerstone of Arah’s growth, with its impact stretching far beyond mere water provision, influencing the broader socio-economic dynamics of the region.