Cosmos: A Journal of Geography

Influence of Buddhism on the Cultural Landscape of Sarnath in Varanasi

Sarnath, a religious and historical place near Varanasi, demonstrates the significant influence of Buddhism on the development of its culture. In this research paper, the author looks at the impact of Buddhism on the selected cultural, spatial, and socioeconomic aspects of Sarnath, beginning immediately after the institution of the new faith with the first sermon by Gautama Buddha to the present time. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing history, archaeological data, and survey observation to delve into the religious architectures, cultural and communal practices, and socio-economic activities influenced by Buddhism. Some findings indicate that the locations of stupas, temples, and monasteries, along with the rituals and festivals, serve to preserve Buddhist values, thereby shaping new cultural landscapes. Furthermore, the ways in which Buddhism influenced local artisans and the roles of pilgrimage and tourism remain essential in the economy. Modernization is one of the biggest threats to heritage sites, but political leadership and residents of Sarnath enhance the prospects for this culture. Therefore, this paper uses Sarnath as a prime example to illustrate the impact of religion on culture, emphasizing the dual role of culture in development and conservation within a dynamic world.